Do Bicycle Replacement Rear Wheels Come With Gears UPDATED

Do Bicycle Replacement Rear Wheels Come With Gears

Roller chain that transfers power from the pedals to the drive-wheel of a bicycle

This article is nearly the drive chain on a bicycle. For bicycle concatenation locks, see Bicycle lock.

Roller chain and sprocket

A bicycle concatenation is a roller chain that transfers power from the pedals to the drive-bike of a bicycle, thus propelling information technology. Nearly bicycle chains are fabricated from plain carbon or alloy steel, simply some are nickel-plated to prevent rust, or simply for aesthetics.

History [edit]

Obsolete concatenation designs previously used on bicycles included the cake chain, the skip-link chain, and the Simpson lever chain. The first bondage were of a simple, bushing-less blueprint. These had inherent reliability problems and a bit more than friction (and mechanical efficiency losses) than modern bondage. With these limitations in listen, the Nevoigt brothers, of the German Diamant Cycle Company, designed the roller chain in 1898,^[i] which uses bushings. More than recently, the "bushingless roller chain" blueprint has superseded the bushed chain. This blueprint incorporates the bearing surface of the bushing into the inner side plate, with each plate creating half of the bushing. This reduces the number of parts needed to gather the chain and reduces cost. The chain is besides more flexible sideways, which is needed for modernistic derailleur gearing, because the chainline is not always straight in all gear selections.^[two]

The first solid bush-roller patent was filed by the Renold Chain company in 1880.

Early examples of concatenation-driven bicycles include the 1869 Guillemot and Meyer,^[3] the 1879 Lawson, the 1884 McCammon,^[four] the 1884 Starley Rover, and the 1895 Diamant.^[one]

Before the safety bicycle, bicycles did not have chains and the pedals were typically attached directly to the drive-wheel, thus limiting summit speed by the diameter of the bike and resulting in designs with forepart wheels as large every bit possible. Various linkage mechanisms were invented to raise the effective gear ratio, but with express success. Using chain bulldoze allowed the mechanical advantage between the drive and driven sprockets to determine the maximum speed, thereby enabling manufacturers to reduce the size of the driving bicycle for safety. Information technology too allowed for the evolution of variable gearing, assuasive cyclists to adjust their gearing on the fly, to terrain or route inclination and their force, obtaining an efficient and workable cadence at various speeds.

Efficiency [edit]

A cycle chain can be very free energy efficient: one study reported efficiencies as high as 98.6%.^[v] The study, performed in a clean laboratory environment, establish that efficiency was not greatly affected by the state of lubrication.^[five] A larger sprocket will give a more efficient drive because information technology moves the point of pressure farther away from the axle, placing less stress on the bearings, thus reducing friction in the inner wheel. Higher chain tension was establish to be more efficient: "This is actually non in the direction you'd expect, based simply on friction".^[5]

Maintenance [edit]

How all-time to lubricate a bike chain is a commonly debated question amid cyclists.^[6] Liquid lubricants penetrate to the inside of the links and are non hands displaced, simply quickly attract dirt. "Dry out" lubricants, frequently containing wax or Teflon, are transported by an evaporating solvent, and stay cleaner in utilise. The cardinal rule for long concatenation life is never to lubricate a dirty chain, every bit this washes abrasive particles into the rollers.^[7] Chains should be cleaned before lubrication. The chain should be wiped dry after the lubricant has had enough fourth dimension to penetrate the links. An alternative approach is to change the (relatively cheap) chain very frequently; then proper care is less important. Some utility bicycles have fully enclosing chain guards, which virtually eliminate chain habiliment and maintenance. On recumbent bicycles the chain is often run through tubes to prevent it from picking up dirt, and to keep the cyclist'due south leg gratis from oil and dirt.

Removal [edit]

On most upright bicycles, the chain loops through the right rear triangle made by the right concatenation stay and seat tube. Thus a concatenation must be separated, (or "cleaved" ) unless the triangle tin can exist split (usually the seat stay). Chain can either be broken with a concatenation tool or at a master link. A master link, besides known equally a connecting link, allows the chain to be inserted or removed with simpler tools, or fifty-fifty no tools, for cleaning or replacement.^[6]

Some newer chain designs, such as Shimano and Campagnolo x-speed chains, require a special replacement pin to exist used when installing or reinstalling a separated chain. An alternative to this process is to install a master link, such equally a SRAM Power Link or a Wippermann Connex.^[viii]

Clothing [edit]

Four lengths of wheel chain with the same number of links just with dissimilar degrees of wear. They show chain stretch, a consequence of wear

A chain-wear tool that exactly measures the length of a given number of chain links to observe when a chain is excessively worn; the two sides of the tool mensurate different degrees of wear

Concatenation wear, ofttimes called chain stretch, becomes an result with extensive cycling. The wear is removal of cloth from the bushings and pins (or one-half-bushings, in the Sedis design, besides, chosen "bushing-less", where the bushing is part of the inner plate) rather than elongation of the sideplates.^[9] The tension created by pedaling is bereft to crusade the latter. Because the spacing from link to link on a worn concatenation is longer than the 1⁄ii inch (12.7 mm) specification, those links will not precisely fit the spaces between teeth on the sprockets, resulting in increased wear on the sprockets and possibly chain skip on derailleur drive trains, in which pedaling tension causes the chain to slide up over the tops of the sprocket teeth and skip to the next alignment, that reduces power transfer and makes pedaling uncomfortable.

Since chain wearable is strongly aggravated by dirt getting into the links, the lifetime of a chain depends mostly on how well it is cleaned and lubricated, and does non depend on the mechanical load.^[7] Depending on use and cleaning, a chain can last but one,000 kilometres (600 miles) (eastward.g. in cantankerous-land use, or all-weather employ), 3,000 to 5,000 km (2,000 to 3,000 mi) for well-maintained derailleur chains, or more than 6,000 kilometres (iv,000 mi) for perfectly groomed loftier-quality chains, unmarried-gear, or hub-gear chains with a full embrace chain baby-sit.^{[10] [11]}

Nickel-plated concatenation likewise confers a measure of self-lubrication to its moving parts as nickel is a relatively non-galling metal.^{[ dubious – hash out ]}

Chain vesture rates are highly variable. One way to measure wear is with a ruler or machinist's rule.^[12] Another is with a chain wear tool, which typically has a "tooth" of about the same size found on a sprocket. They are placed on a chain under low-cal load, and if the tooth drops in all the way, the concatenation should be replaced.

Twenty half-links in a new chain measure out 10 inches (254 mm), and replacement is recommended before the old chain measures 10+ 1⁄16 inches (256 mm) (0.vii% vesture).^[6] A more conservative limit is when 24 half-links in the old chain mensurate 12+ 1⁄sixteen inches (306 mm) (0.5% wearable). If the chain has worn beyond this limit, the rear sprockets are also likely to vesture, in farthermost cases followed by the front chainrings. In this case, the 'skipping' mentioned above is liable to go along even after the chain is replaced, every bit the teeth of the sprockets will accept become unevenly worn (in farthermost cases, hook-shaped). Replacing worn sprocket cassettes and chainrings after missing the chain replacement window is much more expensive than simply replacing a worn concatenation.

Sizes [edit]

Exploded view of a few cycle chain links. (one) Outer plate; (2) Inner plate; (3) Pivot; (4) Bushing; (v) Roller.

The chain in apply on modernistic bicycles has a 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm) pitch, which is the distance from one pin center to another, ANSI standard #40, where the 4 in "#40" indicates the pitch of the chain in eighths of an inch; and is standard 606 (metric) #8, where the viii indicates the pitch in sixteenths of an inch. Its roller diameter is 5⁄16 inch (7.9 mm).

1976: Shimano briefly fabricated their own ten pitch Dura-Ace track-specific organisation with 10 mm ( 3⁄8  in) (approximately) pitch from about 1976^[13] to 1980^[fourteen]—called Shimano Dura-Ace 10 pitch. The Shimano 10 pitch system is incompatible with ANSI standard #forty (one/ii") e.g. chains, sprockets and then on,^{[xv] [16]} and was outlawed by the Japan Keirin Association, helping in its demise.^[13]

Width [edit]

Chains come up in three⁄32  in (two.4 mm), 1⁄8  in (iii.ii mm), 5⁄32  in (4.0 mm), or three⁄16  in (4.8 mm) roller widths, the internal width between the inner plates. one⁄8  in (iii.2 mm) chains are typically used on bikes with a unmarried rear sprocket: those with coaster brakes, hub gears, fixed gears such equally rails bicycles, or BMX bikes. Chains with 3⁄32  in (two.4 mm) broad rollers are generally used on bikes with derailleurs such every bit racing, touring, and mount bikes.^[17] Fixed sprockets and freewheels are also available in 3⁄32  in (two.4 mm) widths so fixed-gear and single-speed bikes can be set up to use the narrower and lighter iii⁄32  in (2.four mm) chains. Finally, chains with 5⁄32  in (four.0 mm) wide rollers are used on cargo bikes and tricycles.

With derailleur equipped bicycles, the external width of the chain (measured at the connecting rivet) as well matters, considering chains must not be as well wide for the cogset or they will rub on the next larger sprocket, or besides narrow that they might fall between 2 sprockets. Chains can also be identified by the number of rear sprockets they can back up, anywhere from 3 to 13, and the listing below enables measuring a chain of unknown origin to decide its suitability.

• 6 speed – 7.3 mm (⁹⁄₃₂ in) (Shimano HG), seven.1 mm (⁹⁄₃₂ in) (SRAM, Shimano IG)
• 7 speed – seven.3 mm ( 9⁄32  in) (Shimano HG), seven.ane mm ( ix⁄32  in) (SRAM, Shimano IG)
• 8 speed – 7.3 mm ( ix⁄32  in) (Shimano HG), 7.1 mm ( 9⁄32  in) (SRAM, Shimano IG)
• 9 speed – vi.5 to 7.0 mm ( 1⁄iv to nine⁄32  in) (all brands)
• 10 speed – 6.0 to 7.0 mm ( 1⁄4 to 9⁄32  in) (Shimano, Campagnolo)
• 10 speed (Narrow) – 5.88 mm ( 7⁄32  in) (Campagnolo, KMC)
• 10 speed (Narrow, Direction) – 5.88 mm ( 7⁄32  in) (Shimano CN-5700, CN-6700, CN-7900)
• xi speed – 5.v to v.62 mm ( vii⁄32 to 7⁄32  in) (Campagnolo, KMC, Shimano CN-9000)
• 12 speed - v.3 mm ( 13⁄64  in) (SRAM)
• 13 speed - iv.9mm broad - Campagnolo Ekar^[18]

The Wikibook, "Bike Maintenance and Repair", has more than details on this topic.

Length [edit]

New chains usually come in a stock length, long enough for almost upright bike applications. The advisable number of links must exist removed before installation in order for the bulldoze train to function properly. The pin connecting links can be pushed out with a chain tool to shorten, and boosted links may be added to lengthen.^[19]

In the instance of derailleur gears the chain is usually long enough then that it can be shifted onto the largest front concatenation ring and the largest rear sprocket without jamming, and not and then long that, when shifted onto the smallest front chain ring and the smallest rear sprocket, the rear derailleur cannot take upwards all the slack. Meeting both these requirements is simply possible if the rear derailleur is compatible with the gear range being used on the bike. It is broadly accustomed as inadvisable to actually use the large/large and pocket-sized/small gear combinations, a practice known as cantankerous-chaining, due to concatenation stress and habiliment.^[20]

In the case of single-speed bicycles and hub gears, the chain length must match the distance between crank and rear hub and the sizes of the forepart concatenation ring and rear sprocket. These bikes usually accept some mechanism for minor adjustments such as horizontal dropouts, rails ends, or an eccentric mechanism in the rear hub or the lesser bracket. In extreme cases, a chain one-half-link may be necessary.

Variations [edit]

In order to reduce weight, bondage take been manufactured with hollow pins and with cut-outs in the links.^[21] Chains take as well been made of stainless steel for corrosion resistance^[22] and titanium for weight reduction, but they are expensive.^[23] A recent trend is chains of various colors, and at to the lowest degree 1 manufacturer offers a chain model specifically for electrical bicycles.^[24]

Manufacturers [edit]

Notable wheel chain manufacturers include:

• Renold
• Campagnolo
• Rohloff AG
• KMC Concatenation
• Shimano
• SRAM
• Wippermann

Run into too [edit]

• Bicycle gearing
• Chainless bicycles

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} lydia.net (September iv, 2014). "Die ganze Geschichte". world wide web.diamantrad.com (in German). Archived from the original on January 7, 2017. Retrieved December xxx, 2016.
2. ^ "Chain Maintenance".
3. ^ "Cycle past Guilmet and Meyer, 1869". Bridgeman Images. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
4. ^ "McCammon Safety Bicycle". The Science Museum. Archived from the original on May fifteen, 2012. Retrieved Jan 3, 2015.
5. ^ ^{a b c} Spicer, James (August nineteen, 1999). "Pedal Power Probe Shows Bicycles Waste Picayune Energy". Archived from the original on March 6, 2008. Retrieved Feb 13, 2008.
6. ^ ^{a b c} "Sheldon Dark-brown: Chain Maintenance". Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved December iii, 2008.
7. ^ ^{a b} Brandt, Jobst. "Chain care, vesture and skipping". Archived from the original on December ix, 2008. Retrieved December iii, 2008.
8. ^ "Sheldon Brownish: Chains from Harris Cyclery". Archived from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved December 3, 2008.
9. ^ Sheldon Dark-brown. "Concatenation Maintenance: Chain "Stretch"". Retrieved August 20, 2013.
10. ^ "KMC: How to minimize chain wear". Archived from the original on April 23, 2013. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
11. ^ "KMC: When to maintain your chain". Archived from the original on April 23, 2013. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
12. ^ "How to utilize ruler to mensurate chain wear". RoadBikeReview components forum . Retrieved April 24, 2012.
13. ^ ^{a b} "Dura-Ace History". Retrieved December xxx, 2016.
14. ^ May 6, 2013, progettopistavintage.blogspot.dk Quote: "... Somewhere in the 1970s, Shimano people got the bully idea to reduce the chain pitch to x mm ... Somewhere in the 1980, the 10 mm pitch series were discontinued...."
15. ^ bikeforums.net: why Shimano stopped 10 mm small-scale pitch concatenation Quote: "... x mm required new chain, new hubs, new sprockets, new chainrings, new chainwhips. Basically merely almost anything that touched the drivetrain was incompatible with ten-pitch with the exception of the spiders on your creepo arms..."
16. ^ Shimano#Shimano products Quote: "... Metric chain—Shimano designed chains with a 10 mm pitch instead of the conventional half inch pitch...."
17. ^ Sheldon Dark-brown. "Chain". Retrieved May xiv, 2012.
18. ^ "The Campagnolo Ekar 13-Speed Drivetrain is made for Gravel". September 24, 2020.
19. ^ "Chain Replacement: Derailleur Bikes". Park Tool. August 24, 2015. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
20. ^ "Cross Chaining: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly". Noble Cycling. March 27, 2018. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
21. ^ Warren Rossiter (June 1, 2007). "KMC x10sl Gilded route chain". BikeRadar.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013. KMC have achieved this with the pared down profile and slotted plates (something Campag likewise practise with the Ultra ten-speed chain) and hollow pins connecting everything together.
22. ^ "Interbike Tech: Retro Fondriest, solar hydration pack, organic diet and more". VeloNews. September xx, 2012. Retrieved March 26, 2013. Wippermann claims that its Black Edition stainless-steel ConneX chain is the toughest, near corrosion-resistant derailleur chain on the market.
23. ^ Daniel Carruthers (January 4, 2010). "Taichung Wheel Calendar week round-upwardly". BikeRadar.com. Retrieved March 26, 2013. Titanium chain from YBN ... at U.s.$180 (approx £110) you're unlikely to meet too many of these around.
24. ^ "KMC Launched Components for Bosch eastward-Bike Drive Organisation". Bicycle Europe. January 27, 2012. Retrieved February half dozen, 2013.

External links [edit]

• Wikibooks Wheel Maintenance and Repair – see the department on Chains
• Animation of Shimano gearing system

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Do Bicycle Replacement Rear Wheels Come With Gears UPDATED

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